Answer - Race as a categorizing term referring to human beings was first used in the English language in the late 16th century. Until the 18th century it had a generalized meaning similar to other classifying terms such as type, sort, or kind. Occasional literature of Shakespeare’s time referred to a “race of saints” or “a race of bishops.” By the 18th century, race was widely used for sorting and ranking the peoples in the English colonies—Europeans who saw themselves as free people, Amerindians who had been conquered, and Africans who were being brought in as slave labour—and this usage continues today.
The peoples conquered and enslaved were physically different from western and northern Europeans, but such differences were not the sole cause for the construction of racial categories. The English had a long history of separating themselves from others and treating foreigners, such as the Irish, as alien “others.” By the 17th century their policies and practices in Ireland had led to an image of the Irish as “savages” who were incapable of being civilized. Proposals to conquer the Irish, take over their lands, and use them as forced labour failed largely because of Irish resistance. It was then that many Englishmen turned to the idea of colonizing the New World. Their attitudes toward the Irish set precedents for how they were to treat the New World Indians and, later, Africans.
1. The selling of indulgences (claimed to be tickets straight to heaven if you gave money)
2. Greed (heavy taxation, took money that was used for luxuries rather than charity)
3. Abuse of power (lack of separation of church and state)
Answer:
A guess or estimate about what something will be like in the future
Answer:
The answer is the cognitive approach.
Explanation:
The cognitive approach sees the mind as a processor of information, similar to a computer. Among others, it studies aspects such as memory and consciousness.
The cognitive approach appeared as a reaction to <u>behaviourist theories</u>, which focused on external conduct. Instead, the cognitive approach examined internal processes through lab investigation.
