True. They were originally formed by the growth of layer upon layer of cyanobacteria, a single-celled photosynthesizing microbe that lives today in a wide range of environments ranging from the shallow shelf to lakes, rivers, and even soils. It is a prokaryote, with no nucleus.
Homologous structure is type of body structure that indicates evolutionary relatedness.
<h3>What is Homologous structures?</h3>
Homologous structures refers to body structures like organ or bone that have similar underlying anatomical features that exist in different animals. These structures entails that different animals descend from a common ancestor and serve as evidence of evolution.
Learn more about homologous structures here.
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1. Energy from the Sun ejects electrons from chlorophyll and splits water molecules to yield hydrogen ions.
Pigments inside the photosystems absorb light energy. Energy is transferred to reaction center, where electron is boosted at higher level. Electron is then passed to an acceptor molecule, replaced with an electron from H2O. and O2 is released.
2. Electrons move down the electron transport chain, releasing energy that pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space
Electron releases energy because it goes from a higher to a lower energy level.
3. The concentration of hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space increase
Released energy of electrons drives pumping of hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid interior, building a proton gradient.
4. Hydrogen ions diffuse across the thylakoid membrane into the stroma through ATP synthase.
The only way for hydrogen ions to move down the gradient is through ATP synthase.
5. ATP synthase uses the energy released as hydrogen ions move from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration to make ATP.
ATP synthase is an enzyme that use proton gradient to make ATP from ADP and Pi.
Most flatworms take in food via their mouth, then move it into a digestive gut that attaches to the digestive structures. The food then breaks down and is absorbed out into the rest of the organism. Some have an anus to remove wastes, but most don't and will simply excrete unused food through the mouth.
