The correct answer will be- by lowering the surface tension at air/liquid transition.
Explanation:
Pulmonary surfactant is the mixture of proteins and lipids produced by the type II epithelial cells.
The surfactant is selected into the alveolar sacs where the surfactant reduces the surface tension of the air/liquid interface to 1 mN/m. The lipid content of the surfactant called dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or DPPC forms a surface film which lowers the surface tension.
This power surface tension reduces the work of breathing and thus prevent the alveolar sac from rupture or collapse.
Thus, by lowering the surface tension at air/liquid transition is the correct answer.
This is a case of mitochondrial heredity so correct answer is e. Mitochondrial
In this case, the mother transfers her mitochondria to her children. So the child is affected. The male does not pass this trait on to his children.
We can see from the lineage that the mother has defective mitochondria so all their children will have defective mitochondria. One of his sons has mitochondrial, but is unable to pass it on to the next generation.
