SCA is a common monogenic blood disorder with potentially devastating consequences due to chronic and episodic disease; it has a massive impact on the health-care system and is linked to a significant reduction in life span.
We show that gene therapy with a lentivirus vector expressing γ-globin has the potential for a one-time cure and define the parameters required to cure the disease. We also show a preclinical in vivo method for determining the minimal amount of genetically corrected hematopoietic stem cells needed to correct disease, which is important in the design of clinical gene therapy trials.
The expression of the γ-globin gene in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) results in enough postnatal fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to correct sickle cell anemia (SCA) in the Berkeley "humanized" sickle mouse. We assessed critical parameters for correction after de-escalating the number of transduced HSCs in transplant recipients using reduced-intensity conditioning and varying gene transfer efficiency and vector copy number.
The minimal amount of HbF, F cells, HbF/F-cell, and gene-modified HSCs required for correcting the sickle phenotype was determined using a systematic quantification of functional and hematologic red blood cell (RBC) indices, organ pathology, and life span.
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Desertification is the inability of ecosystems to fulfill their regulatory function caused by deforestation, overgrazing, and overworking the soil.
<h2>What is desertification?</h2>
Desertification is a phenomenon that implies the loss of fertile soils due to climatic variations and human activities.
- The three main causes of desertification are overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices.
- Overgrazing and deforestation destroy the protective vegetation layer that covers arid and semi-arid regions.
Therefore, we can conclude that desertification is the process of ecological degradation through which areas of land that were fertile and productive are transformed into deserts.
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To solve the problem, let us note that the calcium percentage no longer considers the moisture content of the canned dog food. Taking the 75% of the sample 681 grams results in a moisture content of 510.75. This is "removed" from consideration and we're left with 170.25 grams which we multiply with the given (dry basis) percentage of calcium to get 2.043 grams of Calcium.
Answer:
shortest wavelength of visible light: Violet
Energy that can be felt as heat but can't be seen: Infrared radiation
Short invisible rays that can cause damage to the eyes: Ultraviolet light
visible light with the longest wavelength: red 700
Explanation:
Violet has the shortest wavelength, at around 380 nanometers, and red has the longest wavelength, at around 700 nanometers.
