Gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule—unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.
<span>Cilia, flagella, and centrioles. Cilia and flagella are projections from the outside of the cell. They are made up of microtubules and are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane. They are motile, meaning that they are mobile, and designed either to move the cell itself or to move substances over or around the cell.</span>
A phenotype is a physical characteristic which is visible. Hence when the resulting combinations have two dominant alleles or even one dominant allele, the dominant characteristic is exhibited. The recessive characteristic is exhibited only when both the alleles are recessive.
To find the ratio of phenotypes, we need to place the genotype of the father and mother in a grid form ( attached grid figure)
Here we have two Ff phenotypes which is dominant and two ff phenotypes which is recessive
Hence the ratio is 2:2 or 1:1
The correct answer would be Cellular Respiration.