<span>After immunizations, the weakened vaccine viruses or bacteria replicate (grow) in the vaccinated person. This means a relatively small dose of virus or bacteria can be given in order to stimulate an immune response.</span>
Sporopollenin is one of the most inert biological polymers. It is the outer covering or protective wall of plants and pollen grains. Now, example of bryophytes are mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. As they do not have vascular tissues, sporopollenin serves as their protection.
Thomas Hunt Morgan used fruit flies to study genetics for several reasons. First, fruit flies have a short life cycle that lasts an average of just 30 days. This means genetic traits can be studied over dozens of generations in the course of a year. This rapid reproductive cycle is impossible to match in any mammalian model, even mice or rats. Second, fruit flies produce huge numbers of offspring.
All fungi have their own mechanisms used for reproduction. The mushrooms release their spores through gills, fungi like puffballs require dampness or precipitation to release, and some others, such as the stinkhorn, rely on animals to ingest the spores and scatter them in their waste.
Answer:
a nucleoid (DNA), ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall, and some sort of surface layer,
Explanation: