In China,the Tang (618 - 907 A.D.) and the Song Dynasties based their bureaucracies on Confucian ideals (960 - 1279 A.D.) as a way of strengthening ethics thus ruling out corruption in civil service. In order to achieve this, every candidate aspiring to a job position in the government had to pass difficult tests on Confucianism.
B. The ottomans promoted free trade on the silk road
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Present-day Italy became a sovereign state on March 17, 1861, during the Resurgence, a political movement that unified countries of the Italian Peninsula into a single nation of Italy. During the reign of the Roman Empire, the Italian Peninsula was among the imperial provinces under the rule of the Romans.
Explanation: