Answer:
how much should examples should I give
Fish poop.
Tropical white beaches get their pearly white color from the excrement of fish far off of the coast which eat coral and other things that reside on the ocean floor. When they eat they swallow some sand into their mouths as well, and process it with the food they just ate. Their stomachs can't really digest the sand, tiny minute rocks essentially, and thus turn their color white. Or the rock forming the sand can be naturally pigmented a whitish tone as well.
Because it allows them to breathe and function.
Yes you can. The atomic mass measured from the proteins and neutrons in an atom, since you know he number of protons, you can subtract and be left with the number of neutrons.