Genes encode proteins and proteins dictate cell function. Therefore, the thousands of genes expressed in a particular cell determine what that cell can do. Moreover, each step in the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein provides the cell with a potential control point for self-regulating its functions by adjusting the amount and type of proteins it manufactures.
At any given time, the amount of a particular protein in a cell reflects the balance between that protein's synthetic and degradative biochemical pathways. On the synthetic side of this balance, recall that protein production starts at transcription (DNA to RNA) and continues with translation (RNA to protein). Thus, control of these processes plays a critical role in determining what proteins are present in a cell and in what amounts. In addition, the way in which a cell processes its RNA transcripts and newly made proteins also greatly influences protein levels.
Answer:
Sigma factors bind to the promoter region of a particular gene and facilitating the binding of RNA Polymerase to the promoter region (formation of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme complex) in order initiate transcription of the gene.
Put simply - Helps RNA Polymerase do it's job.
Answer:
<em><u>The correct option is D) The two species have a common ancestor</u></em>
Explanation:
In evolutionary studies, homologous structures can be described as structures which are similar in organisms of different species because they had a common ancestor in the past. These structures may not perform the same function but are similar because they arose from a common ancestor. Hence, the bone in a bird's wing can be homologous to a bone in a lizard leg because they have a common ancestor in the past.
The Precambrian time refers to the time 4.5 billion to 542 millions year ago. This period is characterized by having reduced atmosphere and included reduced compounds. Scientists believed that atmosphere at that time was devoid of free oxygen and CO2 was present in excess. Before the complex life evolved on the Earth, the Precambrian Earth's ocean contained dissolved carbon dioxide.
Scientist can communicate their findings by putting them on a journal and publish them
