The three evidence that support the existence of plants on Antarctica are:
- Climate;
- Pollen;
- Herbivorous animals;
Apart from the plant fossils found on Antarctica, there are few other evidence that suggest that plants existed in the past on the now frozen continent. Some of those evidence for the existence of plants on Antarctica are the pollen found in the rocks and fossils of organisms, the climate records, as well as the herbivorous animals.
The pollen is only released by the plants, thus that is a sure indicator that plants were occupying this part of the world.
The climate records on Antarctica that can be seen in the rock layers, suggest that for most of its existence, Antarctica had a warm and wet climate, which is perfect conditions for the plants to thrive.
The herbivorous animals are feeding themselves on plant material, so since there's fossils of herbivores in Antarctica, it for sure is an evidence that there were plants existing in order for them to feed and be able to live in there.
Answer:
phages are non-living biological entities that can produce numerous copies of themselves, forming ordered three-dimensional structures on a nanometre scale
Explanation:
A phage (i.e., a bacteriophage), is a virus capable of infecting and replicating within bacteria. Bacteriophages are composed of proteins forming a capsid that encapsulates the genetic material (either DNA or RNA genome), which may contain a variable number of genes. Bacteriophages, and viruses in general, can be considered nanomachines capable of producing numerous copies of themselves with high fidelity by utilizing the molecular machinery of the host bacterial cell. In biotechnology, it has been proposed to exploit the knowledge about bacteriophage reproduction to design diverse nanostructures.
Earthquakes generally increase the rate of weathering and erosion because the energy transmitted through rocks, especially, shear waves (secondary waves) will break rocks. Volcanos emit gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur that will cause acidic precipitation. This acidic precipitation will dissolve some elements in the rocks hence weakening them and increasing the rate of erosion.
Answer:
1. Global warming (as we pass a threshold, it may be irreversible)
2. Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
Explanation:
Climate change is a general phenomenon associated with the effects of global warming caused by anthropological activities, especially the emission of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc). It has been shown that global warming is causing an increase in the temperature on the planet at a speed unprecedented since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. The increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a direct consequence of human activities, especially from the use of fossil fuels in electricity, heating, transportation, etc. In consequence, it is possible to reduce the impact of global warming by using renewables climate-friendly energy resources, for example, by using solar panels for electricity, solar water for heating and eolic energy for industry (electricity). In this context, it should be taken into account that global warming may be irreversible, and we have the tools to stop it before it is too late.
