The number of species on Earth tagged at 8.7 million as of 2011.
The best answer to the question 'What are the nonliving components of the environment that shape an ecosystem?' would be letter d. Abiotic factors are those components of the environment that are non-living or does not have life. All the other choices have life.
Primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas—regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier
A mass movement is movements of masses of bodies of soil, bed rock, rock, debris, soil etc. which usually occur along steep-sided hills and mountains because of the pull of gravity
