Attention, Memory , Imitation, Desire alertness
Bandura's social cognitive learning theory asserts that there are four stages associated with observational learning.
Attention: People cannot learn without paying attention to what is occurring around them. This manner is determined by features of the model, such as how much one desires or recognizes with the model.
Memory: Observers must not only understand the perceived behavior but also memorize it at some later time. This method depends on the observer's skill to code or structure the data in an easily recognized form.
Imitation; People must be intellectually competent in performing the acts. In many cases, the observer holds the significant responses.
Desire: The observers should have the desire to recreate the perceived behavior.
Answer:
Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence.04-Jun-2020
Explanation:
Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence.04-Jun-2020
The Role of Media in Conflict Management: The Case of Electoral Conflicts in Kenya Col (Rtd) Zachary K Chebii Abstract The role played by media in conflicts has been an issue of discussion all over the world. Although media influence has increased tremendously in the last decade, researchers are yet to agree on the degree and magnitude of its influence in conflicts. The context analysis of Kenya election coverage and post election conflict of 2007/08 revealed that media has a ‘double-edge’ role in electoral conflict situation i.e. conflict escalation and de-escalation roles. The conflict escalation role is more prevalent with vernacular (local) media stations while the conflict de-escalation role is predominant with nationwide mainstream stations. This affirmed the study conceptualized framework developed from libertarian theory and social responsibility theory of media reporting. In addition, people’s response to conflict coverage is persuaded by their age, gender and social status as human variables. Therefore, to mitigate conflict reporting misrepresentation, specifically in weak democratic states, a common approach to conflict reporting should be designed and adhered to. More importantly, there need to be stringent regulations and control of vernacular (local) FM stations which are prone to manipulation by political elite. This should be coupled with training of journalists on conflict reporting and development of a standard conflict reporting procedure. Lastly, media houses should be discouraged from running parallel tallying centres, a mandate reserved for legitimate electoral body.
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