Answer:
The Counter-Reformation was an organization within the Catholic Church dedicated to fighting the consequences of the Protestant Reformation and undoing them by reforming Church abuses and eliminating heresies, etc. It could be argued that it began formally in 1545 with the Council of Trent, which was opened by Pope Paul III specifically to strengthen the Church in the face of the revolutionary developments in the Protestant countries of northern Europe. This happened more than 20 years after the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, and it was so given that the Catholics themselves had various political conflicts among their main leaders of each nation.
The Counter-Reformation was at its peak in the second half of the 16th century but continued until the middle of the succeeding century. The establishment of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) and its development into a missionary body sending priests to all parts of the world, from Peru to China and Japan, seek to restore the spiritual life and philosophical foundations of the Church.
Answer:
The Age of Absolutism refers to period in French history where the Monarch has Absolute power over the country and all it's resources.
Explanation:
An example is that of Napoleon Bonaparte or Louis the 16th. As absolute Monarchy, there were increases in taxation to not only help build a powerful army but also to fund the lavish lifestyles of these kings.
A king would also influence the local religion and social customs that would sometimes out them in odds with other religiously motivated monarchs in Europe.
As tensions grew and the government expenditure grew even larger, a war and territorial gain would be seen as the best way to not only increase power but eventually generate more revenue.
This was in stark contrast to smaller countries in Europe, especially modern-day Belgium or Germany where the power of the King was gradually decreasing.
They could neither build an army as big as France's and did not have the will to do so.
Hence, during this time, the French were able to annex millions of acres of new land and build the largest territorial Empire in Europe.
Economic decline and panic selling and sparked the great depression
The three goals were to find a north west water passage from north America to Asia, exploit nearby fishing water and develop a fur trade, and they wanted to convert Canadian Indians to roman catholicism.
