The teacher gives a link so you can watch the video again. I know of Jared Diamond from his books. I have not seen this video before & would need to watch it too in order to help you.
The Civil war
Bc it was the start of something New. Everything kinda sorta changed after that
The language that helped scholars to understand the meaning of hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone is: Greek.
Hopefully this has helped!