Answer:
Explanation:
Proto-oncogenes are genes that have the potential to turn normal cells to cancer cells if they mutate. Once they have a mutation, they are called oncogenes. These typically code for proteins that control the cell cycle and cell growth.
Ras proteins are intracellular, and act as molecular switches that can be inactive or active. If they are inactive and receive a signal from the extracellular space indicating that the cell has to grow, they bind GTP and become activated. Once active, they send further signals that stimulate cell proliferation and division. After a while of sending those signals, the Ras protein hydrolizes GTP to GDP because it has an intrinsic GTPase activity, and becomes inactive once again, stopping the growth signal.
Mutations in the Ras oncogene typically affect the GTPase activity, causing its loss of function and subsequently that the Ras protein stays permanently active. This, in turn, causes uncontrollable cell proliferation, characteristic of cancer.
Answer:
B. Both voluntary and involuntary actions
Answer:
correct option is E) horizontal gene transfer
Explanation:
solution
we know here that phenomenon account for movement of these genes is horizontal gene transfer because we know Horizontal gene transfer are primary mechanism for spreading of antibiotic resistance in the bacteria
and
in many mechanism some are
(1) transformation
(2) transduction
(3) Gene transfer agents
and that Gene transfer agent is virus and it like element encode by host that is occur in alpha proteobacteria
and
we know that implant of one to other plant can transfer chloroplasts , mitochondrial and entire cell nucleus contain the genome to the potential makes new species
as that we can say here correct option is E) horizontal gene transfer
Rough ER is dotted with ribosomes which give it a "rough" appearance. Smooth ER doesn't contain ribosomes. :) Hope this helps!
dont copy me
Answer:
<em>A- The Archaea have cell membranes made of ether-linked hydrocarbons which branch, while Bacterial membranes are made of ester-linked fatty acids.</em>
