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forsale [732]
3 years ago
14

What is a virus envelope in biology?

Biology
1 answer:
Andrei [34K]3 years ago
3 0

The Virus Envelope is where the capsid is surrounded by lipid bilayer that contains viral proteins, usually including the proteins that would enable the virus to bind to the host cells. and is derived from the host cell membranes. They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane, allowing the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.

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What is an estuary? How and why does the salinity of estuaries vary?
olya-2409 [2.1K]

Answer:

Salinity in an estuary varies according to one's location in the estuary, the daily tides, and the volume of fresh water flowing into the estuary. In estuaries, salinity levels are generally highest near the mouth of a river where the ocean water enters, and lowest upstream where freshwater flows in.

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
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A strand of DNA is a polymer of _________ , joined by covalent bonds between the__________ of one monomer and the_________ of th
Liula [17]

Answer:

"nucleic acids", "deoxyribose sugar, and the "phosphate"

6 0
2 years ago
What molecule makes up more than half of the human body? a. n2 b. h2 c. h2o d. co2
andrew-mc [135]
Water (H2O) takes up more than 60% of the body thus the answer is C

3 0
3 years ago
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DNA Polymerase helps copy a DNA molecule during the process of what?
PtichkaEL [24]
The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.

Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.

Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.

DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.

Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.



A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov

Structure of DNA polymerase

The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.

7 0
3 years ago
Ecologists often use modeling, instead of field studies, because it
ANEK [815]

Answer:

Answer is A. allow them to control all the variables involved.

Explanation:

Modelling in ecology means the use of constructed mathematical models for understanding of ecological processes and to predict or know how real it is for ecosystem to change.

Ecological modelling is useful in defining problems more precisely and clarity of concepts.

5 0
2 years ago
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