During the 80's the soviet economy was in deep trouble as it had not adapted to the changes and new challenges presented over the years. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachov became the head of the Communist Party and realized some changes needed to be done. He launched the Perestroika which were a series if political and economicl reforms to help the Soviet Union's economy. As a second support for the change the Glasnost was created, it referred to their policy of open discussion of political and social issues. All these lead to the collapse and democratization of the Soviet Union as they realized that their old methods were not sustainable anymore and critical changes needed to be done.
The intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century in which the philosophes stressed reason, natural law, and progress in their criticism of prevailing social injustices.
republican believes that having have a president is better than having a monarch whereas the democrats believe that their citizens voice should be heard
