Answer: The release of methane from thawed permafrost
Explanation:
With increasing global warming, permafrost in the arctic is melting. The carbon and methyl clathrates present in permafrost escape into the atmosphere to form carbon dioxide and methane, both greenhouse gases.
In the Arctic, molecules of methane are trapped in ice crystals as methyl clathrates. When the temperature increases, these crystals release methyl clathrates which become methane when in contact with the atmosphere.
The cause of the increasing atmospheric 
is due to the the thawing of dead organisms present in the permafrost. As the permafrost melts, these organisms decay and release into the atmosphere.
It increases with distance from the ocean ridges.
Compact: closely and neatly packed together; dense
Prorupted: an extension that protrudes from the main territory. Thailand is an example of a prorupted state.
Elongated: Something that's elongated is stretched out, or extended so that it's longer than usual. Some painters, like El Greco, are known for their strange, elongated figures.
Fragmented: an adjective that describes things that have been reduced or divided into fragments—pieces that have been broken off of or detached from the whole. The related adjective fragmentary means something different: consisting of or reduced to fragments—disconnected or incomplete, as in fragmentary evidence.
Perforated: pierced with a hole or holes
Explanation:
