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hodyreva [135]
3 years ago
13

A)what are the difference between two species of minnows?​

Biology
1 answer:
Aleksandr-060686 [28]3 years ago
6 0

Animals are often individually consistent in their behavior, not only over time, but also across different functional contexts. Recent research has focused on phenotypic and evolutionary mechanisms explaining such personality differences through selection. Parasitism and predation induce important mortality and fitness costs, and are thus main candidates to create and maintain personality differences in the wild. Here, we present data on the behavioral consistency of the Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) from two populations that live in different tributaries of the same river, but whose ecological environment differs fundamentally with regard to predation and parasitism. We experimentally demonstrate that individual minnow in both study populations are consistent in their boldness and activity. However, the two study populations differ notably: in the high predation and parasitism risk population fish show higher mean boldness, but tend to be less active than fish in low predation and parasitism risk population. Parasite (Diplostomum phoxini) load was negatively, but not statistically significantly, associated with fish activity level. Our study suggests that parasitism and predation are likely important agents in the ecology and evolution of animal personalities.

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Answer:

Below

Explanation:

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4 0
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solong [7]

Short answer:

It has a "birth" (in the nebula) just like humans are born inside their mothers.

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3 0
3 years ago
Both gymnosperms and angiosperms are heterosporus. In gymnosperms, the pollen and the megaspores are produced in separate ______
Jlenok [28]

Answer:

Places and location.

Explanation:

In gymnosperms, the pollen and the megaspores are produced in separate places. Megaspores made in cones that develop into the female gametophytes that is present inside the ovules of gymnosperms, while pollen grains develop from cones that produce microspores. while on the other hand, In angiosperms, the pollen and the megaspores are produced in separate structures, but within the same place i.e. flower which has both male and female reproductive organs.

6 0
3 years ago
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms<br>​
leonid [27]

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Heterotrophs, or consumers, are organisms that must obtain energy by consuming other organisms (autotrophs or other heterotrophs) as food.

6 0
3 years ago
A group of long-billed prairie birds migrates from a pristine, protected prairie to a nearby, newly restored prairie. They colon
spayn [35]

Answer:

While the long-billed prairie-bird’s fundamental niche included a wide range of prey species, competition with other species in the newly colonized prairie reduced the realized niche such that fewer food types were utilized

Explanation:

Options  are given:

The two populations of the long-billed prairie-birds had different fundamental niches, but the same realized niche

The original population of long-billed prairie-birds had higher levels of competition for food resources and in order to find enough food had a more varied diet. Those in the newly colonized area faced less competition and adapted to a smaller range of food types.

While the long-billed prairie-bird’s fundamental niche included a wide range of prey species, competition with other species in the newly colonized prairie reduced the realized niche such that fewer food types were utilized

The long-billed prairie-bird’s fundamental niche shifted as a result of competition with other species such that individuals in the newly colonized prairie foraged on a smaller variety of food types

Since in the question it is mentioned that scientists compare the populations with respect to the two bird and determined for the long billed prairie birds and the available of food is same in the two areas

This above situation represents the competitive exclusion concept. The species should be entered into the competitor in the case when there is a large number and the feeding should be started for survival

7 0
3 years ago
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