Answer:
a. People respond to incentives.
Explanation:
Assuming the state of Wyoming passes a law that increases the tax on cigarettes thereby causing smokers who live in Wyoming to start purchasing their cigarettes in surrounding states.
Consequently, an increase in the tax on cigarettes altered the behavior of the smokers in Wyoming, it made them to purchase from neighboring states.
This illustrates or reflect the fact that people respond to incentives.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Retained earnings have no flotation costs, but have opportunity costs. For example, if companies distribute the earnings to shareholders, shareholders can invest the funds in alternative sources for returns.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
In a competitive market, if production (and consumption) continues until the marginal benefit of one more unit equals marginal cost, then total surplus is maximized.
As for any extra unit produced
Marginal Benefit > Marginal cost = Surplus
Marginal Benefit = Marginal cost = No Surplus / No loss
Marginal Benefit > Marginal cost = loss
When your Marginal benefit is maximum and Marginal cost is minimum then the surplus will be maximized.
Most efficient situation in which benefit is maximum and the cost is minimum results in maximized surplus.
Answer:
Positive Statements: 1st & 2nd ; Normative Statements: 3rd & 4th
Explanation:
Positive Economics is <u>objective</u> & <u>facts</u> based <u>actual</u> economic issue description , explaining verifiable phenomenas (causal relationships).
Normative Economics is <u>subjective</u> & opinion based conclusive <u>solutions</u> to economic issues, including '<u>ought to be</u>' unverifiable suggestions.
1. Lung cancer kills millions of people each year: reflects actual objective verifiable fact about an economic (health) issue.
2. Too many people smoke: denotes another actual objective variable fact connected to (potential cause of) the above economic (health) issue.
So , these two are Positive Statements.
3. If the government were to increase taxes on cigarettes, fewer people would smoke : Is subjective opinion based probable solution to the above economic (health) issue.
4. The government should increase taxes on cigarettes : Is an 'ought to' suggestion for an economic participant (govt) to solve the above economic (health) issue.
So , these two are Normative Statements
