The correct option is "the revival of democratic revolutions, and nationalism"
The revolutions of 1848, Spring of the Peoples or Year of the Revolutions are historiographical denominations of the revolutionary wave that finished with the Europe of the Restoration (the predominance of the absolutism in the European continent from the Congress of Vienna of 1814-1815).
It was the third wave of the broadest revolutionary cycle of the first half of the nineteenth century, which had begun with the so-called "revolution of 1820" and "revolution of 1830." In addition to its condition of liberal revolutions, the revolutions of 1848 were characterized by the importance of demonstrations of a nationalist nature and by the beginning of the first organized demonstrations of the workers' movement.
This series of revolutions began in France and were expanding throughout the European continent, giving as main results, the German and Italian unification.
