Answer:
C is the correct option.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is the standard way for the formation of acetyl-CoA, from glucose.
Second, beta-oxidation of fatty acids generates 2 acetyl-coA molecules per cycle.
Finally, the degradation of amino acids generates intermediates of the Krebbs cycle. Occasionally Leucine, tryptophan and isoleucine are directly catalysed in acetyl-CoA.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Anaphase is the fourth phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. Before anaphase begins, the replicated chromosomes, called sister chromatids, are aligned at along the equator of the cell on the equatorial plane. The sister chromatids are pairs of identical copies of DNA joined at a point called the centromere.
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During anaphase, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes. The chromosomes are separated by a structure called the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle is made of many long proteins called microtubules, which are attached to a chromosome at one end and to the pole of a cell at the other end. The sister chromatids are separated simultaneously at their centromeres. The separated chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle to opposite poles of the cell.
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Anaphase ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, and it is followed by the fifth and final phase of mitosis, known as telophase.
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Answer:
One of the RNA molecules has experienced gene duplication as the result of translocation.
Explanation:
Translocation and duplication are some of the structural abnormalities in the chromosomes that may even cause certain genetic disorders. Duplication is the presence of a genetic segment for more than one time in the chromosome. The repeated genetic segments are mostly present in the tandem pattern. When a chromosome fragment breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome, it is called translocation. It leads to the deletion of a genetic segment in one chromosome and duplication in the other.
According to the given information, a genetic segment bearing two genes is detached from one RNA and gets attached to the other RNA molecule of the HIV genome. Therefore, the RNA molecule has undergone translocation and has lost a genetic segment while the other has gained a genetic segment (duplication) due to translocation.
Diffraction occurs when a wave moves through an opening in a barrier. This causes the wave to change direction and spread out.
Waves can behave in three different ways depending on the obstacles they encounter. They can reflect, refract or diffract. In diffraction, waves such as sound, light or water either bend around small objects that obstruct their passage or spread out as they travel through a gap in the barrier.
The degree of diffraction forms a direct relationship with wavelength. It generally increases as wavelength increases. Conversely, the amount of bending lessens as wavelength decreases. However, if the opening of the barrier is smaller than the wavelength, the effect of diffraction is not easily observed. Hope this helps.
