Which explanation best explains the role of enzymes as catalysts in living systems?

1 answer:

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Enzymes are catalysts that can be used more than once. If a substance needs to get broken down then it can use the corresponding enzyme to attach itself and break it down into simpler substances. After this is gone, the next substance might come up and attach itself to the enzyme like a lock-and-key model.

Therefore the answer is A) Enzymes accelerate chemical reactions without getting used up in the process.

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Adaptive immunity comprises two branches: humoral immunity and cellular immunity. What are the characteristics of each of the tw

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Adaptive or acquired immunity is that we acquire throughout our lives through vaccines (active), breast milk (passive) or injection of specific artificial or natural antibodies to a certain pathogen (passive).

The two great arms of this immunity are the humoral and the cellular.

The humoral refers to the cytokines and immunomodulatory molecules that are responsible for transmitting fundamental messages between defense cells in order to coordinate the destruction of the pathogen between them.

Instead, cellular immunity speaks about cell lineage such as b, t, tcd4 lymphocytes, natural killers, plasmacytes, etc.

It can be said that the humoral factor is the one that coordinates the pathways and the relationships between the cells of the acquired immunity, both are important because the two need each other for adaptive immunity to work.

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Examples of the humoral factor: pro and anti inflammatory cytokines, interleukins, complement chain, antibodies, TNF alpha, beta, etc.

Examples of cellular factor: plasmacyst, b lymphocyte, t lymphocyte, NT lymphocyte

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