If you ask about the early Christian mosaics - the saints were usually presented on a golden background. For example in the St. Catherine's Monastery from 6th century in Egypt, all the Saints, and Jesus were all presented on a golden background
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Historians are most likely to study written records because they study history.
Geologists study solid and liquid matter that make up the earth as well as history that has shaped it.
Archaeologists study the history based on artifacts, monuments, etc.
Life was hard because they didn't have much food of much of anything.
