How are messages sent around the body

Explain the genotypes and phenotypes of skin color. Summarize the relationship between the number of active genes and the color

kotegsom [21]

Human skin color is a polygenic trait, which means that multiple gene loci (with different alleles) are involved in its expression. It has been shown that there more than 350 genetic loci involved in determining skin color. Because of that, there is the enormous number of possible genotypes for the skin color and as a result, the phenotypes vary from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Different populations have different allele frequencies of genes for human skin color, and the combination of these allele variations brings about complex and continuous variation in skin coloration. Natural skin color can change due to exposure to sunlight (becomes darker) and that is the way it adapts to intense sunlight irradiation (protection against the UV exposure).

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4 0

3 years ago

What structures do plants need that animals do not need? Why?

Alina [70]

Answer: a cell wall

Explanation: a cell wall is a barrier that protects the plant cell. Animal cells do not need this becuase they have a cell membrane which also protects the cell.

5 0

3 years ago

Cross-over involves the exchange of genetic information between

Ksju [112]

2 Homologous chromosomes in meiosis, and then replicate into sister chromatids.

Hope this helps, ( or is clear enough ) if not, comment below please!!!!

3 0

3 years ago

In what zone is the ability to burrow and sustain changes in temperature and salinity important for an organisms' survival?

den301095 [7]

The correct option is C.
Living organisms that live in the littoral zones in the ocean are used to frequent changes in temperature and in the salinity of the ocean water. For an organism to survive in this environment, it needs to have adaptive features that will increase its survival. The littoral zone is divided into three zones, which are high, middle and lower littoral zones. Organisms living in high littoral zone have adaptive features that make them more adapted to desiccation due to the long hours of sunlight to which they are exposed. The organisms are usually exposed directly to the air or they can be enclosed in burrows.

3 0

3 years ago

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Write a paragraph on testing probability

VashaNatasha [74]

Explanation:

Probabilities are described as ratios of favorable event outcome to the total number of event outcomes.

This is written as...

$P (E) =\frac{n(E)}{n(S)} \\$

where...

E= the number of times the event occurs

S= the number of trials

In biology experiments, hypotheses are formed based on research questions, and tested with the use of variables to provide a particular outcome. Statistics allows for testing data for consistency with the hypothesis, while statistical probability testing can be used in experiments to determine a range of outcomes, from genetic inheritance, evolutionary rates to theoretical experimental results.

In these statistical models, probability distributions are functions that give probabilities for certain event outcomes within an experiment (a set of trials). These may be either continuous, taking a value within a range of two numbers; or discrete, which may be either of two specified values. Discrete probability distributions list each value that a random variable may possibly take on.

Further Explanation:

For example, two types of probability distributions are employed in experimental biology:

Binomial distributions, which are discrete distributions, provide probability of a certain number of successful events for x a random variable, in a specific number of trials, n; here, the probability of success of an individual trial is constant at P and only one of two outcomes are possible- this is sampling with replacement.

where...

b(x; n, P)-the probability that an experiment of n trials results in x successes

nCx- the number of combinations of n things at r time

$b(x; n, P) = [ nCx ]* P^{x} * (1-P)^{n-x}\\$

<em>This is often used in determining potential outcomes before data collection.</em>

A type of continuous distribution, the student's t-test, compares standard deviations and means from two sets of samples or groups to check for significant differences between them.

$t= \frac{(x_{1} - x_{2}) }{\sqrt{(\frac{(S_{1}) ^{2} }{n1} }+ (\frac{(S_{2}) ^{2} }{n2 }}$

where...

x1 and s1 are the mean and standard deviation of sample 1 respectively
x2 and s2 are the mean and standard deviation of sample 1 respectively
n1 and n2 are sample sizes in samples 1 and 2 respectively

The null and alternate hypotheses typically theorize the likelihood and significance of certain event outcome probabilities. Critical values of t, along with degrees of freedom are used to determine a range of probable outcomes; probability or p- values along with this range, are used to determine whether either hypothesis is rejected or accepted.

<em>For instance, significant differences between an experimental control and a specific treatment group would show that these occurrences are not due to sampling errors or random chance...</em>

Learn more about calculating probability at brainly.com/question/4021035

Learn more about calculating event probability at brainly.com/question/6649771

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5 0

3 years ago