The answer is c. public policy
Hope this helps :D
The correct answer is D.) Court clerks refusing to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
The definition of grassroots activism is a movement that is born out of the personal convictions of an individual or a group of individuals about a particular issue and that is not originated in the will of an established political movement or leader (s). It is considered that a grassroots movement is spontaneously created by the will of ordinary citizens who want to make their voices hear about a particular issue and although its later stages may involve participation of political groups or leaders, the initiative for its inception was the concerns of ordinary citizens. This answer is a direct reference to the case of Sandra Davis, a Kentucky country Clerk that refused to issue same-sex marriage licenses due to her own personal convictions and in the name of "religious liberty". Her initiative was purely personal and was not the result of organized political efforts.
This was known as manifest destiny. Colonists believed that is was their right and destiny to complete the westward expansion.
Here are some reasons take your pick. Good luck! :)
Japan had modernized weapons
Corruption of the Chinese government-officials embezzled military funds.
Chinese army and navy had little preparation for the war
Japan had better war tactics and strategies
Chinese just finished the War of Opium and were weak
The majority of China’s massive population was not educated
