Answer:
There are two kinds of cellular communication: communication between cells is called intercellular signaling, and communication within a cell is called intracellular signaling.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer will be -
1. ATP production- Thylakoid membrane
2. Activated carrier- NADPH.
Explanation:
The photosynthesis reactions take place in the chloroplast which is divided into three membranes: outer, inner and thylakoid membrane. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane which helps in the production of ATP molecules along with the activated carrier molecule called NADPH.
The ATP molecule is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme located in the thylakoid membrane where electron transport chain produces a gradient of protons. These protons help in the production of ATP synthesis explained through the chemi-osmotic model.
Thus, the Thylakoid membrane and the NADPH are the correct answer.
Answer:
The cell interior would experience higher than normal Na+ concentrations and lower than normal K+ concentrations.
Explanation:
The Na/⁺K⁺ pump is an ATPase pump which is responsible for maintaining low Na⁺ and high K⁺ concentrations within the cytoplasm while maintaining high Na⁺ and low K⁺ concentrations in the extracellular fluid.
Since these two ions are moved against their concentration gradient, ATP hydrolysis is required to provide the energy for this process. This is done by moving in two K⁺ ions inside while moving three Na⁺ ions outside the cell for every molecule of ATP hydrolysed to ADP and Pi.
If a competitive non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP is applied on the cytoplasmic side of a plasma membrane that contained a large concentration of the Na/⁺K⁺ pump, it will act by inhibiting the action of the Na/⁺K⁺ pump. This will result in an accumulation of Na⁺ ions inside the cell and lower than normal K⁺ ions concentration.
Answer:
D. Psychrophile
Explanation:
Psychrophiles or cryophiles are a type of extremophiles i.e. they live in extreme environment. They grow well in low temperatures ranging from -20 to +10 degree Celsius.
Here, the bacteria was incubated at different temperatures. It did not show growth at standard incubation temperature of 37°C which indicates that it might be an extremophile preferring either very hot or very cold environment. But it also did not show growth at 50°C which means that it does not survive well at high temperature.
Lab bench top has generally colder surface compared to the surrounding environment and a little growth was observed there which indicates that this bacteria might require cold temperature for growth. The result was finally confirmed with abundant growth observed inside refrigerator which is only possible if it is a psychrophile.
