Section 08, article 1 of the United states constitution contains eighteen clauses, the last being the Necessary and Proper Clause, sometimes called the “coefficient” or “elastic” clause.
The third president of the United States of America, Thomas Jefferson, talked about the necessary and proper clause in a letter he wrote the U.S. attorney for the District of New York, Edward Livingston in 1800. President Jefferson talked about the endless expansion of the national powers through clause 18 and that was done.
A quarter is a fourth of something. In this case a quarter is a fourth of an hour. An hour is 60 minutes, and a fourth of that is 15 minutes (60 divided by 4). So quarter past 3 is 3:15