Question

If a lake where bacteria reside were to freeze, bacteria could survive by __________.

Answer 1

There are bacteria, like the Pseudomonas fluorescens and Marimonas protea, that can reside even in frozen surfaces. They do it by entering a dormant state where they wait patiently to be free from ice and grow again. 

Bacterial adaptation to cold surroundings also involves changes in their membrane composition and translation and transcription machinery. This includes bacterial conjugation. 

The answer is A.