Climate change threatens the air you breathe
The answer would be A: 1:16
This is because the letters mean:
Y: yellow
y: green
S: round
s: wrinkled
Thus, because the lowercase letters represent recessive alleles, both letters must be lowercase in order for the gene to show in the offspring.
So, if you wanted green, wrinkled, seeds, the only option (in letter form) would represented by:
ssyy
Therefore, because there is only one block with those letters, and sixteen blocks total, the ratio is 1:16.
Answer:
DNA restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule, while DNA ligases join the resulting DNA fragments
Explanation:
Transformation is a naturally occurring process by which bacteria incorporate exogenous genetic material from their surrounding environment. This process (transformation) is used for DNA cloning via plasmid vectors. In DNA cloning, transformation occurs after restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific sequences named palindromic sequences (i.e, sequences that can be read the same in opposite direction). Restriction enzymes can generate sticky-ends, where enzymes make staggered cuts in the two strands (e.g., <em>BamH</em>), or blunt ends, where the resulting strands are of the same length (e.g., <em>HaeIII</em>). In general, sticky-end enzymes are more useful because they generate a 3' overhang in one molecule and a complementary 5' overhang in the other, increasing the yield and specificity of ligation. During ligation, a DNA ligase is used to join both DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds in the plasmid. Following transformation, bacteria can be selected on antibiotic plates.
<span>Antibodies. A. k.a. immunoglobulins. They are produced by a group of white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells). There are 5 classes of immunoglobulins; IgM,IgA,IgE,IgG and IgD.The classes of antibody diifferent both in their constant region and in their activity.IgG, the most common antibody, and is found mostly in the blood and tissue fluids, and IgA is localized in the mucous membranes which line the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.</span>
IT DEPENDS ON WHAT U SEE UNDER A MICROSCOPE OR IT DEPENDS ON THE OBJECT
