On December 8, 1941, one day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. This prompted Germany to declare war on the United States, which, in turn, led to the United States to declare war on Germany on December 11, 1941.
The Barbary pirates were seizing US ships for ransom. One time with two British frigates near bye. That forced a change in Jefferson and he realized he had to have a Navy. He order the Constitution class frigates and some smaller vessels. The start of the blue-water Navy.
B/c Europe raped Africa and its natural resources and set borders with no consideration of religious or ethnic boundaries
I'd say D. The article of Confederation didn't want the government to be too powerful and turn into a tyranny. They had a judicial branch though.