Answer:
This question includes some errors, the question should be written as:
The medulla oblongata controls the contraction and relaxation of the ______ causing the lungs to inflate and deflate during breathing.
Although there are no options, the answer is generally RESPIRATORY MUSCLES i.e. diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Explanation:
Breathing is an involuntary action required to take place in order to get oxygen into the system and carbon dioxide out of the system. However, the process of breathing is neurally controlled by brain portion called RESPIRATORY CONTROL CENTERS.
The Medulla oblongata located in the hindbrain is one of the two respiratory control centers (the other being the PONS). The medulla sends nerve signals to the muscles responsible for bringing about the ventilation process i.e. the DIAPHRAGM and INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.
This nerve impulse brings about the contraction of the diaphragm, which is the major respiratory muscle, and intercostal muscle causing the lungs to inflate and allow the entry of oxygen-containing air. On the other hand, it also brings about the relaxation of these muscles causing the lungs to deflate allowing the expelling of air.
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❖ The correct answer is D because in cellular respiration sugar (glucose) and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and a form of energy called ATP. The reactions occur in the mitochondria so D is correct.
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Answer:
Option B, an allosteric inhibitor.
Explanation:
As the enzyme activity decreases, it is not possible for A to be a coenzyme (most likely would increase the enzyme activity), a substrate (increases activity of enzyme by Le Chatler's principle) or an intermediate (no effect). A is unlikely to be a competitive inhibitor as this would not decrease the activity of the enzyme, only reduce the rate of conversion of substrate to product. A is most likely an allosteric inhibitor which binds to another site on the enzyme (other than the active site), resulting in a change in conformation of the enzyme which reduces the enzymatic activity.
