Phospholipid bilayers are critical components of cell membranes. The lipid bilayer acts as a barrier to the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. However, an important function of the cell membrane is to allow selective passage of certain substances into and out of cells.
When it triggers an abnormal or vigorous immune responce, treating the antigen that would normally cause no threat as something harmful.
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Answer:
The answer is (A. A cladogram.)
