The Schlieffen Plan could take France out of WWI quick so that Germany could only have to fight a one-front war against Russia. Note this was before the U.K declared war.
It wasn't to bad . So that's your answer.
They started emerging around 3500 BC. The first major one was located in Mesopotamia, which is modern day Iraq. There was also ancient Egypt and China.
Victories in the battles of Trenton and Princeton helped raise morale when the Patriot cause seemed to be lost.