The stylistic element used in the passage is incongruity. It is a form of satire or humor. Incongruity is used in an unsuitable time. For example, If a man were in a court room and belched loudly while receiving his sentence, that would be a use of incongruity. Another example would be if at a royal wedding the groom's pants fell down in the middle of the ceremony.
The Civil War impact on literature was mainly seen in the resurgence of the Slave Narrative (prior, through and after the war), as well as Transcendentalism and Realism in literature.
The answer to this question is B
The author treats the dog as if he is another person.
