I
believe the best answer choice for this question is D. there is no gene flow.
Answer:
Years of pressure on remains sediments and plants.
Explanation:
Stage 1- Over millions of years, layer after layer sediments and other plants and bacteria were covered with soil.
Stage 2 - As they became buried ever deeper, heat and pressure began to rise.
Stage 3- The amount of pressure and the degree of heat, along with the type of biomass, determined if the material became oil or natural gas.
Whereas, female offsprings inherit X chromosome ( from each parent). As per the question, family has Y linked disease that affects father. Thus, there will be 100% chances of inheriting this disease by the male offspring.