Answer:
Muscle cramps are caused by the inability of myosin fibers to break free from the actin filaments during contraction, resulting in a prolonged contraction. A lack of ATP would obviously produce cramping, as myosin requires ATP to become free from actin.
The answer to this is a group of individuals many species living in an area.
The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5760 years.
<span>For carbon-14 to have decayed down by a factor of 12, we know between 3 and 4 half-lives must have elapsed. Since 4 half-lives is only 23,000 years, the sample is considerably younger than a dinosaur bone. (Unless we assume it's been contaminated with modern carbon, in which case, any age calculation based on carbon-14 is worthless.) </span>
<span>The decay equation is y = ae^(-0.0856t) with t in days. </span>
<span>To find the half-life, we solve for t such that y/a = 0.5. </span>
<span>0.5 = e^(-0.0856t) </span>
<span>Take natural logs of both sides: </span>
<span>-ln(2) = -0.0856t </span>
<span>-0.6931 = -0.0856t </span>
<span>Divide both sides by -0.0856... </span>
<span>8.096 = t </span>
<span>The half-life is 8.096 days.</span>
