Answer:
According to the rule, psychologists are allowed to share patients' information internally.
The rule also states that they may share this information with other psychologists and people under the same professional association.
The HIPAA Privacy Rule does not allow a psychologist to share any of the patient’s health care information with anyone else unless they have the patient’s written authorization to do so.
Explanation:
The HIPAA Privacy Rule was created in 1996 to protect the privacy of protected health information. The rule states that psychologists working in the health care sector can share the personal data of a patient in order to provide health care.
Psychologists are not subject to the HIPAA Privacy Rule because they are not considered "covered entities" under HIPAA.
As such, psychologists can share patient information with other healthcare professionals without violating the rule.
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Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
B. false
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