When old red blood cells rupture, the released hemoglobin is ingested by macrophages
<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
Answer: 5… I think
Explanation: sorry if I’m wrong.
Answer:
Avoid the consumption of gases dangerous to the ozone layer, due to their content or manufacturing process. Some of the most dangerous gases are chlorofluorocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbon, methyl bromide, and nitrous oxide.
Minimize the use of cars. The best transport options are urban, bicycle, or walking. If you use a car, try to carpool to decrease the use of cars. This prevents pollution.
Do not use cleaning products that are harmful to the environment. Many cleaning products contain substances that are corrosive. Replace these dangerous substances with non-toxic products such as vinegar or bicarbonate.
Buy local products. Not only do you get fresh products but you avoid consuming food that has traveled long distances. The more food is transported, the more nitrous oxide is produced due to the cars or trucks used to transport it.
Maintain air conditioners, as their malfunctions cause chemicals to escape into the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Hope this helped! =)