In phylogenetic inference, an evolutionary novelty (or derived character) is referred to as Plesiomorphy
Relating to or denoting the process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
In phylogenetic inference, an evolutionary novelty (or derived character) is referred to as apomorphy. Apomorphy is any character, state or trait novel to a species and its descendants. An apomorphy occurs when a taxon is selected to have a particular trait.
By which organisms that contain the pigment chlorophyll convert light energy into chemical energy which can be stored in the molecular bonds of organic molecules.
The time required for a typical atom in the oceanic plate to complete the plate tectonic cycle is about in excess of two hundred fifty million years in which this is required for it to developed and to be fully complete for it to fully finish the plate tectonic cycle.