Answer:
D. Ligase
Explanation:
Ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the fusion of two large molecules through the formation of a new chemical bond, which is usually accompanied by the hydrolysis of a small end chemical group.
Ligases play an important role in linking DNA breaks during excision repair, DNA damage, or spontaneous lesions such as basal sites or oxidized bases.
Besides supporting and protecting a cell, the cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
I am soo sorry this is 4 hours late!!! Hope this helps!!! :)
Answer:
When animals eat their food combine with oxygen, which produces energy for the animals to use for everyday activity and then gives off carbon. The carbon then combines with the oxygen to form carbon dioxide, which is then released back into the atmosphere as waste product when the animals breath.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Hope this helps ;)
Answer:
c. dendritic cells
Explanation:
An antigen presenting cell like dendritic cell is a part of adaptive immune system. When it encounters a harmful foreign antigen, it engulfs it via phagocytosis. The phagocytic vesicle fuses with the intracellular lysosome and here the antigen is broken into smaller fragments. With the help of MHC complex, these fragments are presented on the surface of dendritic cell hence it becomes an antigen presenting cell. This cell is then recognized by other cells of immune system like lymphocytes and destroyed.
Dendritic cells are present in skin and lining of lungs, nose, stomach, intestines. In skin they are called as Langerhans cells. Macrophages are another type of antigen presenting cells.
Co2 diffuses into red blood cells down their concentration gradient. Here, the co2 reacts with water in the cytoplasm of the red blood cell with the help of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to make carbonic acid (H2CO3). The carbonic acid then dissociates into H+ and hydrogen carbonate ions. The H+ ions binds with R-groups in haemoglobin in the red blood cell to make the compound carbaminohaemoglobin. The hydrogen carbonate ions leave the red blood cell and diffuse into the blood plasma whilst chloride ions move into the red blood cell (chloride shift) to maintain electrochemical balance.
Ik it's a lot but I hope it helped. I have a biology exam tomorrow and I also need to remember this haha
