Answer:
a. Blood vessels are constricting causing greater peripheral resistance.
Explanation:
Peripheral vascular resistance means the resistance in the circulatory system that is used to control blood pressure and the flow of blood. When blood vessels constrict, there would be an increase in systemic vascular resistance. When blood vessels dilate, there would be a decrease in systemic vascular resistance.
When an ion or a molecule passes through a membrane without something facilitating, or encouraging that passage, such as a protein does. What drives it is the force of the diffusion itself instead.
The liver is at a #3 level of organization, an organ..which has a specific job to do in the body.