The erythema response of skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), i.e., the sunburn reaction, has long been known to correlate with skin color. Dark-skinned individuals are able to tolerate a longer sun exposure than light-skinned individuals. Skin color in humans is mainly determined by the quantity, quality, and distribution of the complex biopolymer, mel~ni1_1, and its organized form, the melanosome (1,2}; melanm IS thought to protect skin from the deleterious effects of UVR.
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Beta-galactosidase is a protein encoded by the lacZ gene and the process of alpha complementation is used in identifying the vector recombinant,
The insertion of the target DNA fragment into a vector; whose inactive beta galctosidase has been made functional by adding an alpha peptide will disrupt the complementation process and then render the protein non-functional such that the transformed bacteria cells becomes sensitive to antibiotic treatment and then proceed to form white colonies in the presence of X-gal. While cells that have plasmids with DNA inserts will remain resistant and form blue colonies in the presence of X-gal.
The small intestine can absorb nutrients such as carbs, lipids, proteins, iron, vitamins, and water.
Nutrients that are fat soluble are kept in adipose tissues. The chylomicrons in the small intestine absorb these nutrients into the lacteals, where they are then carried through the lymphatic system and discharged into the bloodstream.
Small intestine villi that line the walls absorb nutrients into lymphatic lacteals and capillaries of the circulatory system. Capillary beds and lacteal-like lymphatic channels can be found in villi. The lacteals take in fatty acids from the chyme after it has been broken down.
Following that, nutrients are absorbed through the small intestinal wall. The fat-soluble vitamins enter the lymph vessels after absorption before moving on to the bloodstream.
Learn more about the Digestive system here:
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