Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
Answer:
The primary archery muscles of the shoulders and upper back are the rhomboids, levator scapulae, trapezius, deltoids, latissimus dorsi, and the rotator cuff muscle group, which includes the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor.
Answer:
The correct answer is - option B. The increase in testosterone prevents further production of GnRH, FSH, and LH
Explanation:
The high level of testosterone hormone produced by the testes shows a negative feedback system in males as an increase in this hormone leads to the inhibition of the GnRH from the hypothalamus and which in turn inhibits the production of the fH and FSH from the pituiyary gland.
This process in a negative feedback system which prevents the production of hormone by released by the same hormone. It leads to slow spermatogenesis
Carbohydrates are not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion, whereas distension, peptides, and low acidity are.
All deuterostomes have in like manner is that the pore framed amid gastrulation turns into the rear-end. Deuterostomes are any individuals from a superphylum of creatures. It is a sister clade of Protostomia, with which it shares<span> the Nephrozoa clade.</span>
