Question

Where there is no common power, there is no law; where no law, no injustice. Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues. Justice and injustice are none of the faculties neither of the body nor mind. If they were, they might be in a man that were alone in the world, as well as his senses and passions

Answer 1

Answer:

Bearing in mind this fragmentation of Chapter XIII of Leviatan, I consider that man by nature is a social being

Explanation:

We are born with the instinct to depend on the care and love of our parents, as we grow we feel the need to interact and share with others people, we are born with the innate desire to help, care for and respect those who need it, therefore justice is always linked to our being, even for many people who do not believe in God, they feel the desire to do and exercise justice when they see that bad things happen to innocent people, therefore how are we going to manifest justice in a society if we are only going to be alone? justice is a relative quality that is manifested in the daily life and interact with other people.

Answer 2

Answer:

This is an extract from Thomas Hobbes´ (1588–1679), The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, better known as Leviathan , the first part of man,  "On The Social Contract" , Chapter XIII: Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery, written and published during the English civil war in 1651.

Explanation:

Hobbes alludes the bible´s Book of Job, where the name Leviathan is mentioned, to make this provoking treatise´s name, more poetic.

In this part of the treatise, the analysis is if whether or not the natural state of man is to be within a political community that pursues the greatest good, or if it would be within an anarchic situation: "Where there is no common power, there is no law; where no law, no injustice".

He refers to civil war as the brutal state of nature: "Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues", and that a political community could be led to the greatest evil of being afraid of a violent death, due to the materialistic, unsentimental human nature, without a soul: "Justice and injustice are none of the faculties neither of the body nor mind", where good and evil are defined as appetites and desires moving towards or away from an object, providing no guarantee that a man will not try to kill another for his property "If they were, they might be in a man that were alone in the world, as well as his senses and passions", in fear and danger where peace doesn´t exist in the state of nature where nothing can be considered just or unjust, and every man is entitled for a right to get all the things wanted.