In both the process of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle; yes ATP is produced albeit in a very low amount. Another byproduct of these pathways are the production of reducing compounds such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH). These reducing compounds are used in the electron transport chain to produce a proton gradient, and with a proton gradient, the enzyme ATP synthase will synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
These two apply.
1.) The sporophyte of seed plants is photosynthetically independent.
2.) In seed plants, dispersed spores contain a multicellular gametophyte.
<span>also supports and protects and shapes a plant cell and also regulates what moves into the cell can help support the entire plant. What similarities do the mitochondria and chloroplasts share? Both membrane bound organelles have their own DNA and help make energy available to the cell.</span>
