You can't. If you think about the straight line on a graph, those numbers describe a single point that the line goes through, and they don't tell you anything about the slope of the line, or where it crosses the x-axis or the y-axis. So I don't think you can tell the constant of variation from one point.
Start evaluating from the inside and work your way out. This means you start with (-3)²=9. Then go and plug that answer in to the equation f(x). f(9)=2(9)-1=17.