Question

Suppose that the four species of finches shown at the top of the picture above, are all released onto an island in the middle of the ocean. The only species of plant is the betel palm, shown below. The betel palm produces large nuts with a tough outer husk. According to the law of natural selection, which species of finch probably has the greatest chance to survive over the long term?
A) finch species 2
B) finch species 3
C) finch species 4
D) finch species 1
2)
What did Charles Darwin mean when he stated that some organisms were 'more fit' than other organisms?
A) some organisms were heavier and stronger
B) some organisms were more likely to reproduce
C) not all organisms had the same natural life span
D) not all organisms were equally suited to gathering food
3)
Despite their differences in appearance, all bony fish have common ancestors. Their fins develop from similar structures and usually have a prescribed number of bones. Because of this, the large rudder-like dorsal fin of a sailfish, the poisonous dorsal fin of a catfish, and the tiny reduced dorsal fin of a puffer fish are said to be ________ structures.
A) vestigial
B) analagous
C) homologous
D) evolutionary

Answer 1

Homologous structures. These are traits, though different in appearance and function, that are derived from the same ancestral trait during development.

                                             The answer is C for 3 USA TESTPREP

Answer 2

For number 1, you need the chart so I can't answer it. Sorry.

For number 2, your answer will be B because when he said "survival of the fittest", he meant that organisms with the correct adaptations for survival would live and reproduce, passing those adaptations down the line.

For number 3, your answer will be D because, like I said above, animals that have advantageous traits will survive and reproduce and pass along those traits. Which, essentially, is the process of evolution.

I hope I was able to help you. Best of luck!