I believe the answer is: catgut tied to crude metal wires
The catgut is made by the intestines of mammals such as horse or sheep. Ancient Egypt was among the first one to use this method in order to preserve the teeth.
For wealthier citizens, they might use a more expensive metal for the braces. The Etruscans for example use gold as a form of brace in order to prevent tooth collapse.
Answer:
In order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government, which, to a certain extent, is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted, that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others.
A President may persuade members of their own party to vote for a particular bill by B, denying campaign funds to members who oppose the bill.
The President is often thought to be the leader of whatever party they are a member of, giving them a tremendous amount of power when it comes to the raising of money as they are the top draw.
So, a President can use campaign funding as a stick and a carrot to get members of Congress to vote a particular way.
If the member in Congress is in the opposition, they are out of luck.
Answer: The company can protect its investment from competitors by patenting the new chip.
Explanation: A patent is a declaration that prevents competitors from manufacturing a product for a designated period of time.
