It refers to making or crating new genes in form of mutation
in duplicates of old genes. It is also a mechanism in major way through new
genetic material is generated during evolution. The duplication happens in
event termed unequal crossing over or recombination between misaligned
homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
I believe it is a Pure Substance
The function of the central vacuole is to maintain proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support of the growing plant.