Answer:
Description below
Explanation:
Alcionaceans (Alcyonacea) is an order of corals that belongs to the subclass Octocorallia, of the Anthozoa class. <em>Soft corals</em> are commonly called, since they do not produce skeletons of calcium carbonate, so they do not contribute to the construction of the reefs, although they inhabit them.
The so-called soft corals and leather or leather corals, mostly meaty in appearance, have microscopic crystals of calcite in their tissues called spicules, whose function is to give consistency to the animal's tissue, in the absence of a skeleton. The shape and distribution of the spicules are the main characteristics used in the identification of genera and species of octocorals.
In addition to soft corals, this order includes gorgonians, which replace the skeleton of hard corals, Scleractinia order, by semi-rigid structures composed of calcite and / or a substance they generate called gorgonin.
Answer:
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Answer:
Formas: todas las bacterias se pueden clasificar en una de las tres formas básicas: esferas (cocos), bastones (bacilos) y espirales o hélices (espiroquetas). Necesidad de oxígeno: las bacterias también se clasifican en dos grupos, según si necesitan oxígeno para vivir y crecer o no les es necesario.
<span>Large-scale evolutionary trends are the result of macroevolution.</span>
Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
